Are you confused by network engineering concepts, or other IT networking topics? Even experienced network engineers can feel overwhelmed sometimes. Let’s take a look at some of the most confusing topics and concepts in networking today. We’ll cover everything from virtual private network (VPN) theory to network security devices and explain each piece in detail. By the time you finish reading, you’ll have a better handle on some of the tougher subjects in the field.
What Is a Virtual Private Network (VPN)?
A virtual private network (VPN) is a private network created within a public communication infrastructure, such as the Internet. VPNs are used to securely connect two or more computers or other devices, such as mobile and IoT devices, located in physically detached private and/or public networks. This connection allows the VPN system to provide secure access to configured servers and resources located within the private network from anywhere around the world.
VPN security is achieved by encrypting data for transport over the Internet. Through a VPN connection, data exchanged is secured and validated with a virtual tunnel to add an extra layer of protection for your data transmissions.
Benefits of VPNs:
-
Security: VPNs encrypt your data, so all your sensitive information is secure when traveling from one network to the other.
-
Privacy: VPNs also hide your online activities from online entities, such as your Internet Service Provider (ISP), and prevent hackers from intercepting your data as it travels between networks.
-
Accessibility: You can access any content or services you need, regardless of your physical location.
-
Data Backup: Backup of critical data can be maintained without needing physical disks or other storage units.
Difference Between Firewall and Proxy Server
When it comes to network devices, many people get confused when trying to differentiate between a firewall and a proxy server. So, let’s explain the differences between these two network security devices.
Firewall
A firewall is a system of network and user-access security software that is designed to prevent unauthorized connections and access. Firewalls are often used on a network gateway to filter out unwanted traffic and protect the internal network from security threats. Firewalls can also be configured to regulate user access and provide additional layers of security.
Proxy Server
A proxy server acts as an intermediary between a client and a destination server. It retrieves data from various online sources and then forwards it on to the destination server. Proxy servers provide data security and privacy, and can be used to control access to different online services.
Differences Between Firewall and Proxy Server
When it comes to security, the two are used together to provide a full suite of protection. However, they are not the same. Here are the main differences between firewalls and proxy servers:
-
Network Access: Firewalls guard access to a network while proxy servers guard access to the content or services available on the Internet.
-
Filtering: Firewalls filter network traffic while proxy servers filter data requests.
-
Security: Firewalls provide security at the network level while proxy servers provide security at the application level.
-
Protocols: Firewalls support low-level protocols such as TCP/IP, UDP and ICMP, whereas proxy servers support application-level protocols such as HTTP, FTP and SMTP.
-
Accessibility: Firewalls are usually placed on the perimeter of a network to protect it from outside threats, while proxy servers are generally placed within the network to regulate access to the restricted content and services.
What Is Network Topology?
Network topology refers to the physical and logical arrangement or layout of a computer network. It explains how different nodes are connected to each other and how they interact. The nodes can range from entire cities, down to individual computers and servers.
The most common topologies used in networks today include the following:
-
Bus Topology: In this configuration, all nodes connect to one central segment (the “bus”) to send and receive data.
-
Star Topology: This topology connects all nodes to a central hub.
-
Ring Topology: In this configuration, all nodes are connected to each other in a loop, or ring.
-
Mesh Topology: This topology uses multiple interconnected links to connect all nodes.
-
Tree Topology: In this topology, many star networks are interconnected to create a hierarchical structure.
The Benefits of Understanding Network Topology
Network topology is an important concept in networking because it portrays how the different components of the network relate to each other. Understanding network topology can help network engineers visualize and troubleshoot any issues with their network, as well as optimize performance. Knowing how data passes through the network also helps IT professionals understand how malicious traffic is routed, and how best to block it.
What Is the Difference Between Routing and Switching?
Routing and switching are two of the most fundamental network operations that allow systems to communicate with each other.
Routing
Routing is the process of determining the best path to send packets of data within a network. Routers use routing tables and protocol-specific algorithms and metrics to calculate the best route for each packet.
Routers are internetworking devices that contain a routing table and forward data packets between networks. Routers use external topology and protocol-specific algorithms, such as RIP, OSPF, and BGP, to determine the best path to send traffic and to ensure that data reach its destination.
Switching
Switching is the process of transferring packets of data from one port to another within a network. It is typically done using a device known as an Ethernet switch. Switches maintain a switch table and use Address Resolution Protocol (ARP) and Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP) to forward packets of data.
The Benefits of Understanding Routing and Switching
Having a good understanding of routing and switching is essential for network engineers. By understanding the different protocols, topologies, metrics, and technologies used in routing, you can better optimize the performance of your network by finding ways to reduce packet delays and improve security. Additionally, understanding switching allows you to create more dynamic and secure networks.
What Is the Difference Between WLAN and LAN?
Wireless Local Area Network (WLAN) and Local Area Network (LAN) are two forms of network technology used to wirelessly connect computers and other devices in a network.
Wireless Local Area Network (WLAN)
A WLAN is a wireless computer network used to connect multiple computers, laptops, tablets and mobile phones in a small area. WLANs use radio waves (Wi-Fi) to broadcast and receive data over short distances.
Local Area Network (LAN)
A Local Area Network (LAN) is a wired computer network that connects multiple computers, laptops, tablets, and other devices to one another. The computers or devices must be physically connected using cables or wires to transmit data within a network.
The Benefits of Knowing the Difference Between WLAN and LAN
By understanding the difference between WLAN and LAN and how each works, you can better decide between using a wired or wireless network based on your specific needs. Wireless networks offer convenience and portability, while wired networks provide reliability, stability, and better performance.
Network engineering concepts can be daunting and confusing, but by understanding different topics and concepts, such as a VPN and network topology, you can better optimize, troubleshoot and control your network. We hope this article has helped you gain a better understanding of some of the most confusing concepts in networking today, and better position you to take advantage of the many benefits and features that a well-designed network can offer.
